What comes to mind when you are asked about traditional Japanese culture? Kabuki? Sumo? Tea ceremony? Well, the most popular answer might be “Kimono”, which are often associated with Japanese women in ukiyoe prints or maiko ladies in Kyoto.
The kimono (着物), which literally means something (物) to wear (着る), is a traditional Japanese garment and the national dress of Japan. The obi (帯) is a broad sash to be worn around the waist with the kimono.
The origin of the kimono goes back to the Heian period (794-1185). The kosode, which means garment with cylindrical sleeve with small openings, is considered as precursors to today’s kimonos. In old Japan, the size and shape of the sleeves represented the wearer’s social status. Whereas the upper, ruling class originally wore osode (meaning big sleeves with big openings) on top of kosode as undergarments, the commoners wore kosode as outer garments because of the physical labor they had to endure. It was not until the late 16th century that kosode were worn as outer garments without class distinctions.